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"Payment Initiation"

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Diagram illustrating the ISO/IEC 14443 contactless card communication standard

HCE

What Is the ISO/IEC 14443 Standard?

An international standard that defines proximity cards used in Near Field Communication (NFC) and the protocols used to communicate with them. It has 4 parts; Part 4 covers NFC and HCE operations.

Payment card being checked against a card recovery bulletin of problem cards

Merchant & POS

What Is a Card Recovery Bulletin (Card Protection Bulletin)?

A Card Recovery Bulletin is a list of problem cards (lost, stolen, expired, over-limit, counterfeit or otherwise flagged) published by card schemes such as Visa or MasterCard. It shows whether a card number is listed on the date of purchase.

Illustration for a glossary of cryptocurrency terms such as Bitcoin, blockchain and mining

Cryptocurrency

What Are the Terms Used in the Cryptocurrency World?

Cryptocurrencies are becoming part of everyday life and are expected to compete seriously with card payments. This glossary explains the key crypto terms, from address, altcoin and arbitrage to halving, mining, proof of stake and stop-loss.

Document cover of the BRSA circular on the report format under Article 8 of the payment services regulation

Payment Institutions & E-Money

What Is the Circular on the Report Format under Article 8 of the Regulation on Payment Services and E-Money Issuance and Payment Institutions and E-Money Institutions? How Can It Be Accessed?

Under Law No. 6493, payment institutions and e-money institutions may operate only with BRSA permission. This post explains the BRSA circular on the format of the independent audit report required with operating permit applications under Article 8 of the Regulation, and where to find it.

EMVCo QR code payment standard illustration

Merchant & POS

What Is the EMVCo QR Standard?

QR code payments are growing, but without a common QR structure each code only works locally. EMVCo published a standard QR data structure so all payment schemes can share one QR code format at merchants.

Physical credit card compared with a virtual card on a mobile phone

Credit Card

Physical or Virtual Credit Card: Which Do You Prefer?

Digitalization is reshaping payment systems. Credit cards are moving from physical plastic to virtual cards, e-wallets and mobile payments. Will physical card use disappear completely? Here is a look at the trends, Generation Z and the remaining gaps.

Illustration showing how an Application Identifier (AID) is used in a chip card transaction

EMV

What is an Application Identifier (AID)?

The AID tells the terminal which applications are present on a chip during a POS or ATM transaction. What does the AID do? It lets the terminal determine whether it supports an application on the chip. In Tag 9F06, it is 5-16 digits long.

Illustration representing the products and services KKB offers directly to its member institutions

Credit Card

What Products and Services Does KKB Offer Directly to Members?

KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.

Flowchart showing the chargeback dispute process between cardholder, issuer, and merchant

Chargeback

What is a chargeback?

A chargeback is the process of refunding an amount back to a credit card when goods or services paid for are not received, or when transactions not carried out by the cardholder are identified. It is translated into Turkish as reverse presentment.

FAST instant payment system advantages illustration

FAST

What Are the Advantages of the FAST System?

The FAST system will bring significant convenience and speed to payments and money transfers. Here are its advantages for citizens and businesses, from Easy Address transfers to risk-based limits.

Diagram of the dropshipping model where a seller passes customer orders to a third-party supplier who ships directly to the customer

E-commerce

What Is Dropshipping (Selling Without Stock)?

Dropshipping is an e-commerce model in which products are sold to customers directly from a supplier, without holding stock. Instead of stocking goods, the seller buys from a third-party provider on demand and has it shipped straight to the customer.

Example of a QR code

Merchant & POS

What is QR (Quick Response) Code?

QR Code is a two-dimensional barcode system developed by Denso Wave, a Toyota subsidiary operating in Japan. Its name comes from the initials of Quick Response. Its content can be any data, including text, a website address, or a video link.