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Diagram showing the four pillars of HCE cloud-based security infrastructure

HCE

What is the HCE Cloud-Based Security Infrastructure Like?

The HCE cloud-based security infrastructure consists of four main pillars: Tokenization, Risk Management, Session Keys, and User/Device Authentication. Tokenization indicates the type of token generation, and there are three different tokenization methods.

Illustration representing the products and services KKB offers directly to its member institutions

Credit Card

What Products and Services Does KKB Offer Directly to Members?

KKB was established, under banking law, to enable the exchange of all kinds of information and documents among at least five banks, and it also shares credit information about customers. The Credit Bureau of Turkey also serves deposit banks, participation banks, financial institutions, and more.

Exterior of the Takasbank headquarters building

Payment Systems

What is Takasbank?

Takasbank (Istanbul Settlement and Custody Bank) exists to increase the competitiveness of Turkey's markets by providing clearing and custody services, financial services, and other economic activities under the relevant legislation.

Illustration representing communication protocols used in POS payment systems

Merchant & POS

What Are POS Sub-Protocols and Their Use Cases in Turkey?

In payment systems, every exchange between POS devices and bank or payment institution systems runs on a specific messaging standard, generally based on ISO 8583. However, each country, bank, or switch network defines its own version of this standard.

Illustration of the Alipay super app connecting payments, merchants and financial services

Closed-Loop Payments

Alipay: Payment System or Digital Economy? | Closed-Loop Payments #5

Is Alipay a payment system, or a digital economy? In the previous post we discussed how Starbucks shows that payment systems can evolve into a different structure. At first the goal was to make payment easier for the customer. As the system grew, loyalty programs...

Illustration of AI agents connecting to payment infrastructure through Agentic Commerce Protocol

Payment Systems

What Is Agentic Commerce Protocol? How Does It Work?

Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP) is a next-generation protocol that lets AI agents integrate directly into commercial processes such as payments, orders, refunds and subscriptions. This post explains how it works and what it offers businesses.

Illustration representing open banking and banking as a service with digital banking and API connection icons

Open Banking

What are the differences between Banking as a Service and Open Banking?

First, it is useful to briefly recall the concepts of Banking as a Service and Open Banking. Banking as a Service (BaaS) lets interface developers connect directly to service banks' systems via APIs and open banking services to run banking transactions for customers...