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Illustration explaining how NFC technology enables contactless payments

HCE

What Is NFC?

NFC, known as Near Field Communication, is a technology that transfers data wirelessly between devices within 10 cm. It is used for data transfer, device pairing, and as the basis of contactless payments.

Illustration explaining how post-purchase installment conversion works for credit card payments

Credit Card

What Is Post-Purchase Installment Conversion?

Post-purchase installment conversion lets credit card purchases and cash withdrawals be split into installments afterward for a fee. See the rules and limits banks apply.

Diagram illustrating the structure of a Bank Identifier Code (BIC)

EMV

What is a Bank Identifier Code (BIC)?

BIC stands for Bank Identifier Code. It is the universal bank identification code used for automated processing in banking and related financial environments, identifying banks as specified by the ISO 9362 standard.

Diagram illustrating how a POS device identifies foreign bank cards using BIN lists

Merchant & POS

How Does a POS Device Detect Foreign Cards?

A POS is a functional device with its own dedicated software, customized according to the authorization system of the bank it is connected to, that accepts credit or debit cards. So, banks abroad launch dozens of new card products every day…

Illustration of the compliance process between merchant bank and issuer in card payments

Chargeback

What Is Compliance (Regulatory Compliance)?

Compliance means adherence to card scheme rules. Outside chargebacks, it is how a bank that loses money because card payment organization rules were broken recovers that amount from the party that caused the loss.

Diagram showing how an international card transaction is processed

Online & Authorization

How does the international transaction flow work?

When a card transaction is made abroad, banks usually calculate the cost from a percentage commission, a fixed commission, and an exchange rate margin. The flow starts when the customer requests a cash withdrawal at a foreign ATM.

Diagram comparing the digitization and tokenization processes in mobile payments

HCE

Comparing Digitization and Tokenization

Tokenization and digitization are two important terms in mobile payments that are easily confused and often used interchangeably. What is the difference between digitization and tokenization?

Diagram showing how card transaction data flows through the ISO 8583 messaging standard

Merchant & POS

What is ISO 8583?

Introduction: When a card (credit card/debit card/prepaid card) is used at an ATM or POS, data must be carried securely between systems. For example, in a store sale, the POS initiates the transaction, which must reach the cardholder's bank intact.

POS terminal device used for processing card payments

Merchant & POS

What is MIV (Central Merchant Database)?

MIV stands for Central Merchant Database. The MIV Module collects information on merchants across Turkey and the TRNC that have card acceptance agreements with BKM members, and assigns each merchant a unique number for tracking purposes.