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Laws & Regulations
BKM (Interbank Card Center) membership is available in 3 statuses: bank, institution or HSK. This post explains the eligibility criteria for each status, the 12-month certification requirement and the BKM fee principles.
Merchant & POS
In e-commerce transactions, the system developed to increase transaction security for payments made with credit and debit cards is called 3D Secure. When paying with 3D Secure, a special payment screen provided by the banks appears on the user's screen.
EMV
RID is part of the AID value, which is structured according to ISO/IEC 7816-5 and consists of two sections: a value specific to the application provider, and an optional field used to identify different providers or products.
Chargeback
Compliance means adherence to card scheme rules. Outside chargebacks, it is how a bank that loses money because card payment organization rules were broken recovers that amount from the party that caused the loss.
Merchant & POS
Virtual or electronic authorization devices connected to a bank, used by merchants to accept card payments. The term comes from the English phrase Point of Sale. Covers POS types by communication method, their advantages, who can use one, and the transactions a POS can perform.
Merchant & POS
Partial Authorization lets an issuer approve part of a transaction instead of declining it when the balance or limit is insufficient. This post covers how it works in ISO 8583, whether it is mandatory, and why it matters for the business.
Agentic Commerce
Can AI Decide on Our Behalf? Letting an AI agent handle research can make life much easier. The real question is where that should stop, and how much decision-making authority we are ready to hand over.
Merchant & POS
In EMV transactions, Application Selection is the process of choosing among the applications supported by both the card and the terminal. It is the first stage of authorization, so it is very important. This post covers the PSE and List of AIDs methods.
Merchant & POS
An offline transaction is one approved by the card and the POS themselves, without going to any system (the card's bank or the POS's bank), when a chip card transaction is made at a POS. For this reason, some sectors considered risky are restricted.
ATM
Because the ATM is the channel where customers physically handle cash, fraud cases happen there very often. Here are the precautions you can take to use ATMs safely.
Merchant & POS
The Combined Warning List (BUL) lists card numbers the issuer wants blocked (lost, stolen, counterfeit, etc.), which acquiring merchants check within certain limits, at their own risk, when online authorization cannot be obtained.
Payment Systems
Every payment transaction completes in seconds, yet dozens of controls run behind the scenes. This post covers the precautions for authorization and clearing, the critical role of reversals, and the financial loss scenarios most often seen in the field.