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Photo of a POS terminal related to EMV Issuer Action Code settings

Online & Authorization

Issuer Action Code (IAC)

These are codes that communicate the issuer's conditions for approving a transaction online (IAC-Online), for declining it (IAC-Denial), or for declining it when the terminal cannot go online (IAC-Default).

Diagram illustrating the PIN Change/Unblock command process

EMV

What Is Pin Change/Unblock?

The Pin Change/Unblock command is used after card issuance to let the issuer remove a card's PIN block, or instantly change the reference PIN and remove its block, as well.

Virtual POS payment system diagram for online card transactions

Merchant & POS

What Is Virtual POS?

Virtual POS is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, designed for online shopping. It is not issued to individual customers, only to sole proprietorships, companies, or foundations and associations.

Illustration representing digital payment methods such as cards and mobile wallets

Merchant & POS

What is Digital Payment?

Payments made over the internet are called digital payments. Card payments, cryptocurrency, and online banking transfers all fall within the scope of digital payment, along with mobile wallets and QR code payments.

Courier handing a package to a customer for cash-on-delivery payment

Merchant & POS

What Is Cash on Delivery?

Cash on delivery means paying for an online order at the moment of delivery, usually in cash, though some e-commerce sites also accept card payment at the door. It boosts sales and builds trust, but carries risks like missing POS terminals and refused deliveries.

Diagram of BKM public collection solutions including transport and payment gateway services

Payment System Institutions

What Are BKM Public Collection Solutions?

BKM (Interbank Card Center) was founded in 1990 to clear and reconcile credit and debit card payments. This post covers its public collection solutions: contactless transport in Konya, SGK premium payments and e-Government gateway fees.

Diagram showing the components of the External Authenticate command

EMV

What is the External Authenticate Command?

The EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE command asks the application inside the ICC whether it can verify the cryptogram, and the ICC returns the processing status. Below are the components of the External Authenticate command and what issuer authentication means.

Screenshot of a POS parameter loading screen

Merchant & POS

How is parameter loading done onto a POS?

Loading parameters onto a POS transfers changes made in the POS Management system (authorization, limits, card BIN list, etc.) onto the POS. There are 3 ways to do it.

Virtual POS (VPOS) online payment interface screenshot

Merchant & POS

What is VPOS (Virtual POS)?

VPOS (Virtual POS) is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, used for purchases made over the internet. It is also known as Virtual POS. VPOS is not issued to individual customers.

Diagram illustrating how a contactless offline transaction is processed

Merchant & POS

Can a Contactless Offline Transaction Occur?

A contactless offline transaction can occur. If the amount is lower than the floor limit defined on the POS and the card also allows offline authorization, the transaction can be completed offline. Offline transactions are periodically sent by the POS to the acquiring bank.

Deutsche Bank Tarjeta Calma credit card featuring dynamic CVV technology

Credit Card

Deutsche Bank produces a card with a CVV that changes every 4 hours

Germany-based Deutsche Bank is launching a new credit card in Spain with a dynamic CVV code that changes every four hours, to make online shopping more secure. Deutsche Bank partnered with Mastercard and Idemia for the new card, launched under the Tarjeta Calma brand.