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Online & Authorization
Account-to-account (A2A) payments can be described as making a payment by transferring money from one bank account to another. Though similar to wire transfer/EFT, combining the transfer with the payment creates a seamless experience.
Chargeback
A soft chargeback, also called a retrieval request, is a request for documents about a transaction the cardholder does not recognize. Learn why customers request them, what information merchants should provide, and why a fast response matters.
Online & Authorization
A payment gateway is the high-security connection banks provide for purchases made with a credit or debit card. Learn how it is set up and why it protects cardholder data.
Merchant & POS
The floor limit is the value held on the POS that determines the maximum amount for which an offline transaction can be approved. It is managed per terminal and can be updated at any time through the POS parameter management system.
Merchant & POS
Introduction: When a card (credit card/debit card/prepaid card) is used at an ATM or POS, data must be carried securely between systems. For example, in a store sale, the POS initiates the transaction, which must reach the cardholder's bank intact.
Credit Card
Issuer Script Results is the field that shows the results of the Issuer Script commands sent to the card. This post explains its byte and bit values, what an issuer script is, why the results matter, and what happens when a command fails.
Clearing
DE03/Reimbursement Attribute carries the Reimbursement Value of a transaction. BKM uses this information as the basis for calculating interchange fees and charges between member banks.
Agentic Commerce
Points or habit? Loyalty programs are built on steering human behavior. But if an AI agent starts shopping on our behalf, do points and campaigns still work the same way?
Laws & Regulations
With the communiqué published in the Official Gazette today (4 November 2023), electronic money institutions will be able to onboard customers remotely, a sign that they will play a bigger role in our lives while improving customer satisfaction and speed.
Payment Systems
In payment or cash withdrawal transactions, the TR QR Code is generated by the POS or ATM. The card issuing bank must build its systems to read and act on this code. Errors usually stem from mishandling the long and short QR code flows, which are explained here.
EMV
The EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE command asks the application inside the ICC whether it can verify the cryptogram, and the ICC returns the processing status. Below are the components of the External Authenticate command and what issuer authentication means.
Credit Card
Yes. A certificate must be generated for every new BIN and loaded onto the card chip, establishing secure communication between the chip and the terminal. This is especially critical for verification in offline transactions.