
General
Agentic Commerce Series – Part 6
Who will win in Agentic Commerce? Owning the customer used to be a huge advantage. Once an agent starts deciding on the customer's behalf, where does the real power move to?
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General
Who will win in Agentic Commerce? Owning the customer used to be a huge advantage. Once an agent starts deciding on the customer's behalf, where does the real power move to?

Closed-Loop Payments
Is Starbucks really selling coffee, or building an ecosystem? Prepaid balances, a loyalty program and customer data turn a coffee chain's payments into a closed-loop economy, a very different model from Istanbulkart.

Security
The TBB book 'Fraud Detection and Prevention Methods in Banking' analyzes the types of fraud threatening the banking and finance sector and individuals, with examples from the world and Turkey, and offers protection recommendations. This post explains how to access it.

Payment Systems
NFC is a data transfer technology developed by Sony and Philips in late 2002 and adopted as an ISO/IEC standard in 2003. ISO/IEC 18092/ECMA-340 (NFCIP-1) is one of the two globally accepted NFC standards.

Payment Systems
Let's start by defining e-money. In general terms, e-money is a monetary value stored on a secure technological device (such as a computer disk). E-money is a concept defined under Turkish law through legislation enacted by the BRSA (BDDK).

Payment Systems
All e-money institutions are authorized to issue e-money under Article 18, paragraph 2 of Law No. 6493. In addition, the payment services they are authorized to provide under Article 12 of Law No. 6493 are shown in the table below.

ATM
The first device that can truly be called an ATM was produced by De La Rue for Barclays Bank and put into service in Enfield, London, on 27 June 1967. The ATM came to Türkiye in 1982.

Cryptocurrency
Bitcoin is a digital currency launched experimentally in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto. It has no ties to any central bank, can be bought and sold with national currencies and can be transferred without any intermediary.

Merchant & POS
The Regulation on the Non-Use of Crypto Assets in Payments, published in the Official Gazette on 16 April and effective from 30 April, looks set to seriously affect cryptocurrency developments in Turkey. Here are its key points and the full text.

Payment System Institutions
BKM (Interbank Card Center) works through several committees: Security, Operations and Technology, Market Development, Business Development, Chargeback Rules and Arbitration, ATM Sharing, plus arbitration committees. This post outlines each one's duties.

Security
With Chip&Pin technology, card PINs and chip-based transactions became widespread. As online shopping grew, strengthening the security of these transactions became a necessity, and OTP began providing that transaction security.

Entrepreneurship
Neuromarketing is a technique for developing a marketing strategy from the results of closely examining purchasing perception in the human brain, aiming to understand consumer behavior and the psychology behind it.