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Virtual POS (VPOS) online payment interface screenshot

Merchant & POS

What is VPOS (Virtual POS)?

VPOS (Virtual POS) is the software-based, security-enhanced equivalent of the physical POS devices used for card payments at merchants, used for purchases made over the internet. It is also known as Virtual POS. VPOS is not issued to individual customers.

Illustration of a 3D Secure payment verification screen

Merchant & POS

What is a 3D Secure transaction?

In e-commerce transactions, the system developed to increase transaction security for payments made with credit and debit cards is called 3D Secure. When paying with 3D Secure, a special payment screen provided by the banks appears on the user's screen.

Illustration of the Alipay super app connecting payments, merchants and financial services

Closed-Loop Payments

Alipay: Payment System or Digital Economy? | Closed-Loop Payments #5

Is Alipay a payment system, or a digital economy? In the previous post we discussed how Starbucks shows that payment systems can evolve into a different structure. At first the goal was to make payment easier for the customer. As the system grew, loyalty programs...

Diagram illustrating White Box Cryptography (WBC) for securing open devices

HSM & Security

What is White Box Cryptography (WBC)?

White Box Cryptography (WBC) is an important technology used to minimize security risks for open devices such as smartphones. It is a new technique against attacks targeting white-box attack environments.

Diagram explaining the System Trace Audit Number (STAN) field in a payment transaction

Merchant & POS

What is a System Trace Audit Number (STAN)?

The System Trace Audit Number (STAN) is a number assigned by the third-party system (ATM or POS) to help uniquely identify a transaction. It is generated in the range 000001 to 999999. Each new authorization message needs a new STAN; retries reuse the original STAN.

FDK function display key buttons on an ATM screen

ATM

What Is FDK (Function Display Key)?

At ATMs, transaction selection and processing are carried out using the buttons on the right and left of the ATM screen. These buttons are called FDK (Function Display Key) buttons. Does every ATM have FDK?

Diagram explaining how the CVV/CVC code is generated and verified on payment cards

Credit Card

What is CVV/CVC?

CVV is short for Card Verification Value, a term used by Visa. CVC is short for Card Verification Code, a term used by MasterCard. The CVV/CVC code is used for cardholder verification and to reduce fraud risk.